Congestion
CNPA - UTP : une alliance pour faire sortir les nouvelles mobilités de l’enfance
La chronique hébdomadaire de Bernard Jullien Ancien directeur du Gerpisa, maître de conférences en économie à l'Université de Bordeaux et conseiller scientifique de la Chaire de Management des Réseaux du Groupe Essca.
Pendant des décennies, transports individuels et transports publics ont formé un couple irréconciliable, une indépassable opposition.
Les premiers se développaient spontanément, permettaient l’étalement urbain, mangeaient tout l’espace et généraient pollution et congestion.
On considérait alors –non sans raisons- qu’il fallait impérativement organiser le "transfert modal" en taxant la voiture, en rendant le stationnement difficile et couteux et en organisant la congestion. Inversement, le transport public méritait d’être massivement subventionné et d’être prioritaire dans l’allocation des dépenses d’investissement de l’Etat et des collectivités comme dans l’allocation de l’espace. A force d’acharnement, cette approche dichotomique a fini par engranger quelques succès dans les grandes métropoles où la voiture a effectivement reculé.
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On considérait alors –non sans raisons- qu’il fallait impérativement organiser le "transfert modal" en taxant la voiture, en rendant le stationnement difficile et couteux et en organisant la congestion. Inversement, le transport public méritait d’être massivement subventionné et d’être prioritaire dans l’allocation des dépenses d’investissement de l’Etat et des collectivités comme dans l’allocation de l’espace. A force d’acharnement, cette approche dichotomique a fini par engranger quelques succès dans les grandes métropoles où la voiture a effectivement reculé.
CNPA - UTP: an alliance for new mobilities to come out of infancy
La chronique hébdomadaire de Bernard Jullien Ancien directeur du Gerpisa, maître de conférences en économie à l'Université de Bordeaux et conseiller scientifique de la Chaire de Management des Réseaux du Groupe Essca.
For decades, private and public transport have formed an irreconcilable couple, an irreconcilable opposition.
The former were expanding spontaneously, allowing urban sprawl, eating all the space and generating pollution and congestion.
It was then considered - not without reason - that it was imperative to organise the "modal shift" by taxing the car, making parking difficult and expensive and organising congestion. Conversely, public transport deserved to be massively subsidised and to be a priority in the allocation of state and local authority public speding as well as in the allocation of space. Through hard work, this dichotomous approach has finally achieved some success in major cities where the car has actually backed down.
However, due to the inability of these and other public policies (land and development) to contain urban land price growth and/or to match employment and residential location, urban sprawl has continued, mobility needs have increased, public transport has not been able to cover them, the number of vehicles per household has continued to increase and there are now two deadlocks.
It was then considered - not without reason - that it was imperative to organise the "modal shift" by taxing the car, making parking difficult and expensive and organising congestion. Conversely, public transport deserved to be massively subsidised and to be a priority in the allocation of state and local authority public speding as well as in the allocation of space. Through hard work, this dichotomous approach has finally achieved some success in major cities where the car has actually backed down.
However, due to the inability of these and other public policies (land and development) to contain urban land price growth and/or to match employment and residential location, urban sprawl has continued, mobility needs have increased, public transport has not been able to cover them, the number of vehicles per household has continued to increase and there are now two deadlocks.
The automated vehicle coming down, hard
La chronique hébdomadaire de Bernard Jullien Ancien directeur du Gerpisa, maître de conférences en économie à l'Université de Bordeaux et conseiller scientifique de la Chaire de Management des Réseaux du Groupe Essca.
Hard drug users know this, after the euphoric or energizing effects of their favourite substances have ceased to appear, a difficult period begins when the bare reality recovers its rights: coming down, hard.
For the myth of the driverless vehicle that many in the automotive industry have been shooting up with in recent years, the coming down from the fix began in 2019 and the story telling of the five-levels road map, which only raised problems of tempo, is in a bad way.
The take-off no longer seems so inevitable. Fundraising will prove more difficult and the terror that the supporters of the autonomous revolution used to exert on central or local authorities may well calm down: the fields of experimentation and subsidies will be more difficult to find.
The take-off no longer seems so inevitable. Fundraising will prove more difficult and the terror that the supporters of the autonomous revolution used to exert on central or local authorities may well calm down: the fields of experimentation and subsidies will be more difficult to find.
Le véhicule autonome en descente
La chronique hébdomadaire de Bernard Jullien Ancien directeur du Gerpisa, maître de conférences en économie à l'Université de Bordeaux et conseiller scientifique de la Chaire de Management des Réseaux du Groupe Essca.
Les usagers des drogues dures le savent, après que les effets euphorisants ou dynamisants de leurs substances favorites ont cessé de se manifester s’ouvre une période difficile où la nue réalité reprend ses droits : c’est la descente.
Pour le mythe du véhicule sans conducteur auquel une bonne part de l’industrie automobile s’est shooté ces dernières années, cette descente est, en 2019, entamée et le "story telling" de la "road map" en 5 phases qui ne posait que des problèmes de tempo a du plomb dans l’aile.
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On Friday in Angers, France's government presented its "cycling plan" (1), which aims to ensure that the "modal share" of this means of transport will triple in the coming years: 3% of journeys are now made by bicycle; the public authorities consider that, like some of our neighbours and some French cities, it would be possible to reach 9% by 2024.
Indeed, as indicated by the FUB (Fédération Française des Usages de la Bicyclette) on its website:
"France, with its 2 to 3% share of bicycle modal share, is pale compared to our neighbours. For example, in the Netherlands, 29% of urban travel is by bicycle. And in Germany, 10%. Despite a much harsher climate than ours, Danes appreciate this mode so much that in Copenhagen, some 50% of commuting is by bicycle. In Amsterdam, it is more than 40%, in Basel, 25%, in Bologna and Florence (as in Tokyo and Munich), 20%! (2)
lire la suite Indeed, as indicated by the FUB (Fédération Française des Usages de la Bicyclette) on its website:
"France, with its 2 to 3% share of bicycle modal share, is pale compared to our neighbours. For example, in the Netherlands, 29% of urban travel is by bicycle. And in Germany, 10%. Despite a much harsher climate than ours, Danes appreciate this mode so much that in Copenhagen, some 50% of commuting is by bicycle. In Amsterdam, it is more than 40%, in Basel, 25%, in Bologna and Florence (as in Tokyo and Munich), 20%! (2)
